Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

What is ADHD?

ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental condition that often begins in childhood and can continue into adolescence and adulthood. It affects a person’s ability to regulate attention, control impulses, and manage activity levels.

While everyone can be distracted or restless at times, ADHD symptoms are persistent, interfere with daily life, and can impact school, work, relationships, and self-esteem.

Core Features of ADHD

ADHD symptoms usually fall into three main categories:

• •Inattention - difficulty staying focused, being easily distracted, trouble following through on tasks, forgetfulness, losing items, or seeming not to listen.
• •Hyperactivity - fidgeting, restlessness, difficulty sitting still, or feeling `"driven`" to keep moving.
• •Impulsivity - acting without thinking, interrupting others, difficulty waiting turns, or making quick decisions without considering consequences.

People may experience primarily inattentive symptoms, primarily hyperactive/impulsive symptoms, or a combined presentation with both.

Associated Challenges

ADHD often co-occurs with other conditions, including:

• •Anxiety and mood disorders
• •Learning difficulties
• •Sleep problems
• •Low self-esteem related to academic or social struggles

It's important to recognize that ADHD is not a sign of laziness or lack of intelligence—it reflects real differences in how the brain manages attention and self-control.

Diagnosis and Treatment

ADHD is diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation that considers developmental history, behavior patterns, and input from multiple sources (parents, teachers, self-report).

Treatment may include:

• •Behavioral therapies and coaching to build organization, time management, and coping skills
• •Parent training and school accommodations for children
• •Medication (such as stimulants or non-stimulants), which can help balance brain chemistry and improve focus and self-control
• •Mindfulness and lifestyle strategies, including regular routines, sleep hygiene, and exercise, which support better attention and emotional regulation

Additional Resources

• •Attention Deficit Disorder Association
• •Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD)